Yadda injunan CNC na gargajiya, masu girman ɗaki ke canzawa zuwa injinan tebur (irin su Bantam kayan aikin tebur CNC injin milling na Bantam da na'urar milling na PCB na Bantam) saboda haɓaka kwamfutoci na sirri, microcontrollers da sauran kayan aikin lantarki.Idan ba tare da waɗannan ci gaba ba, kayan aikin injin CNC mai ƙarfi da ƙaƙƙarfan ba zai yiwu ba a yau.
A shekara ta 1980, juyin halittar injiniyan sarrafawa da jadawalin lokaci don haɓaka tallafin lantarki da na kwamfuta.
Alfijir na kwamfuta na sirri
A cikin 1977, an sake sakin "microcomputers" guda uku a lokaci guda - Apple II, Pet 2001 da TRS-80 - a cikin Janairu 1980, mujallar byte ta sanar da cewa "zamanin kwamfutoci masu shirye-shirye ya zo".An haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar kwamfutoci na sirri da sauri tun lokacin, lokacin da gasa tsakanin apple da IBM ta faɗo kuma ta gudana.
A shekara ta 1984, Apple ya fito da Macintosh na al'ada, kwamfuta ta farko da aka samar da linzamin kwamfuta tare da mai amfani da hoto (GUI).Macintosh ya zo tare da macpaint da macwrite (wanda ke haɓaka aikace-aikacen WYSIWYG WYSIWYG).A shekara mai zuwa, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da Adobe, an ƙaddamar da wani sabon shirin zane-zane, wanda ya aza harsashin ƙira na taimakon kwamfuta (CAD) da kuma masana'antar taimakon kwamfuta (CAM).
Haɓaka shirye-shiryen CAD da cam
Matsakaici tsakanin kwamfuta da kayan aikin injin CNC shirye-shirye ne na asali guda biyu: CAD da cam.Kafin mu shiga cikin taƙaitaccen tarihin duka biyun, ga taƙaitaccen bayani.
Shirye-shiryen CAD suna goyan bayan ƙirƙirar dijital, gyare-gyare, da raba abubuwan 2D ko 3D.Shirin cam yana ba ku damar zaɓar kayan aiki, kayan aiki, da sauran yanayi don yanke ayyukan.A matsayinka na injiniya, ko da ka gama duk aikin CAD kuma ka san bayyanar sassan da kake so, injin niƙa bai san girman ko siffar mai yankan da kake son amfani da shi ba, ko cikakkun bayanai game da girman kayanka ko nau'in.
Shirin cam yana amfani da ƙirar da Injiniya ya ƙirƙira a cikin CAD don ƙididdige motsi na kayan aiki a cikin kayan.Wadannan lissafin motsi, da ake kira hanyoyin kayan aiki, shirin cam ne ke haifar da su ta atomatik don cimma iyakar inganci.Wasu shirye-shiryen kyamarorin zamani kuma na iya kwaikwaya akan allon yadda injin ke amfani da kayan aikin da kuka zaɓa don yanke kayan.Maimakon yankan gwaje-gwaje akan ainihin kayan aikin injin akai-akai, zai iya adana lalacewa na kayan aiki, lokacin sarrafawa da amfani da kayan.
Ana iya gano asalin CAD na zamani tun 1957. Shirin mai suna Pronto wanda masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta Patrick J. Hanratty ya kirkira an san shi a matsayin uban cad / cam.A cikin 1971, ya kuma ɓullo da shirin Adam wanda ake amfani da shi sosai, wanda shine tsarin zane mai ma'amala, zane da kuma masana'antu da aka rubuta a cikin FORTRAN, wanda ke nufin ƙetare madafun iko."Masu nazarin masana'antu sun kiyasta cewa kashi 70% na duk tsarin 3-D Mechanical cad/cam da ake da su a yau za a iya gano su zuwa lambar asali ta Hanratty," in ji Jami'ar California Irvine, inda ya gudanar da bincike a wancan lokacin.
A kusa da 1967, Patrick J. Hanratty ya sadaukar da kansa ga tsarin taimakon kwamfuta na kwamfutoci masu haɗaka (CADIC).
A cikin 1960, an ɓullo da shirin majagaba Sketchpad na Ivan Sutherland tsakanin shirye-shiryen Hanratty guda biyu, wanda shine shirin farko don amfani da cikakken mai amfani da hoto.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa AutoCAD, wanda Autodesk ya ƙaddamar a cikin 1982, shine shirin 2D na farko na CAD musamman don kwamfutoci na sirri maimakon kwamfutoci na asali.A 1994, AutoCAD R13 ya sanya shirin ya dace da ƙirar 3D.A cikin 1995, an saki SolidWorks tare da maƙasudin sanya ƙirar CAD sauƙi ga masu sauraro da yawa, sannan Autodesk Inventor ya ƙaddamar a cikin 1999, wanda ya zama mai hankali.
A tsakiyar 1980s, sanannen zane mai zana AutoCAD demo ya nuna tsarin hasken rana a cikin kilomita 1:1.Hakanan kuna iya zuƙowa a kan wata kuma ku karanta plaque a kan filin Lunar Apollo.
Ba shi yiwuwa a yi magana game da ci gaban na'urorin CNC ba tare da biyan haraji ga masu ƙirƙirar software waɗanda suka himmatu don rage ƙofar shigarwa na ƙirar dijital da sanya shi dacewa ga duk matakan fasaha.A halin yanzu, Autodesk fusion 360 yana kan gaba.(idan aka kwatanta da irin wannan software kamar Mastercam, UGNX da PowerMILL, ba a buɗe wannan babbar manhaja ta cad/cam ba a kasar Sin.) ita ce "kayan aikin 3D na farko na CAD, cam da CAE irinsa, wanda zai iya haɗa dukkan ci gaban samfuran ku. tsari zuwa dandamali na tushen girgije wanda ya dace da PC, MAC da na'urorin hannu. "Wannan samfurin software mai ƙarfi kyauta ne ga ɗalibai, malamai, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu farawa da masu son.
Kayan aikin injin CNC na farko
A matsayin daya daga cikin majagaba da kakannin kayan aikin injin CNC, Ted hall, wanda ya kafa kayan aikin shopbot, farfesa ne na Neuroscience a Jami'ar Duke.A cikin lokacinsa, yana son yin kwale-kwale na plywood.Ya nemo wani kayan aiki mai saukin yanke katako, amma ko da farashin amfani da injina na CNC a wancan lokacin ya zarce dala 50000.A cikin 1994, ya nuna wa gungun mutane ƙaramin injin niƙa da ya zana a cikin bitarsa, ta haka ya fara tafiyar kamfanin.
Daga masana'anta zuwa tebur: MTM karye
A cikin 2001, Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) ta kafa sabuwar cibiyar bit da zarra, wacce ita ce 'yar'uwar Laboratory na MIT Media Laboratory, kuma Farfesa Neil Gershenfeld mai hangen nesa ne ke jagoranta.Gershenfeld ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ra'ayin Fab Lab (Lab ɗin Masana'antu).Tare da tallafin US $ 13.75 miliyan lambar yabo na bincike fasahar bayanai daga National Science Foundation, the bit and atom Center (CBA) sun fara neman taimako don ƙirƙirar ƙaramin ɗakin studio don samar wa jama'a kayan aikin masana'anta na dijital.
Kafin haka, a cikin 1998, Gershenfeld ya buɗe wani kwas mai suna "yadda ake yin (kusan) wani abu" a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts don gabatar da ɗaliban fasaha zuwa injunan masana'antu masu tsada, amma karatunsa ya jawo hankalin ɗalibai daga sassa daban-daban, ciki har da fasaha, zane-zane. da kuma gine-gine.Wannan ya zama ginshikin juyin juya halin masana'anta na dijital.
Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da aka haifa ta CBA shine inji da ke yin (MTM), wanda ke mayar da hankali kan haɓaka samfurori masu sauri waɗanda za a iya amfani da su a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje na masana'anta.Ɗaya daga cikin injunan da aka haifa a cikin wannan aikin shine MTM snap Desktop CNC milling machine wanda ɗalibai Jonathan ward, Nadya peek da David Mellis suka kirkira a 2011. Yin amfani da filastik HDPE mai nauyi mai nauyi (yanke daga allon saran kicin) akan babban kantin CNC. Injin niƙa, wannan na'ura mai niƙa 3-axis yana aiki akan ƙaramin mai sarrafa Arduino mai rahusa, kuma yana iya niƙa komai daidai daga PCB zuwa kumfa da itace.A lokaci guda, an shigar da shi akan tebur, šaukuwa kuma mai araha.
A wancan lokacin, kodayake wasu masana'antun injin niƙa na CNC irin su shopbot da epilog suna ƙoƙarin sakin ƙananan nau'ikan tebur masu rahusa na injin niƙa, har yanzu suna da tsada sosai.
MTM snap yayi kama da abin wasa, amma gaba daya ya canza milling tebur.
A cikin ruhin Fab Lab na gaskiya, ƙungiyar masu ɗaukar hoto ta MTM sun raba lissafin kayan su don ku iya yin shi da kanku.
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ƙirƙirar MTM snap, ɗan ƙungiyar Jonathan ward ya yi aiki tare da injiniyoyi Mike Estee da Forrest Green da masanin kimiyyar kayan Danielle applestone don aiwatar da wani aikin DARPA da aka ba da tallafi mai suna mentor (gwajin masana'antu da haɓakawa) don "bauta wa ƙarni na 21st."
Tawagar ta yi aiki a sauran lab a San Francisco, ta sake haɗawa kuma ta sake nazarin ƙirar kayan aikin na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto na MTM, tare da burin kera injin niƙa CNC na tebur tare da farashi mai ma'ana, daidaito da sauƙin amfani.Sun sanya masa suna othermill, wanda shine magabacin Bantam Tools Desktop PCB milling machine.
Juyin Halitta uku na sauran niƙa
A watan Mayu, 2013, ƙungiyar sauran na'ura Co. sun yi nasarar ƙaddamar da ayyukan taron jama'a.Bayan wata guda, a cikin watan Yuni, kayan aikin kantin kantin sun ƙaddamar da yaƙin neman zaɓe (kuma sun yi nasara) don na'urar CNC mai ɗaukar hoto da ake kira handibot, wanda aka tsara don amfani da shi kai tsaye akan gidan yanar gizon aiki.Babban ingancin waɗannan injunan guda biyu shine cewa software na rakiyar - otherplan da fabmo - an tsara su don zama shirye-shiryen WYSIWYG mai hankali da sauƙin amfani, bi da bi, ta yadda masu sauraro masu yawa za su iya amfani da sarrafa CNC.Babu shakka, kamar yadda goyon bayan waɗannan ayyuka biyu ya tabbatar, al'umma a shirye suke don irin wannan ƙirƙira.
Hannun hannun hannu mai haske mai haske mai haske na Handibot yana sanar da ɗaukakarsa.
Ci gaba da Trend daga masana'anta zuwa tebur
Tun lokacin da aka saka na'ura ta farko cikin amfani da kasuwanci a cikin 2013, an haɓaka motsin masana'antar dijital ta tebur.CNC milling inji yanzu sun hada da kowane irin CNC inji daga masana'antu zuwa tebur tebur, daga waya lankwasawa inji zuwa saƙa inji, injin kafa inji, ruwa jet sabon inji, Laser sabon inji, da dai sauransu.
Nau'o'in kayan aikin injin CNC da aka canjawa wuri daga masana'anta bita zuwa kwamfutoci suna girma a hankali.
Manufar ci gaban dakin gwaje-gwaje na Fab, wanda aka haife shi a asali a MIT, shine don haɓaka injunan masana'anta na dijital masu ƙarfi amma masu tsada, arfafa masu hankali da kayan aiki, da kawo ra'ayoyinsu cikin duniyar zahiri.Gogaggun mutane ne kawai za su iya samun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun da suka gabata tare da waɗannan kayan aikin.Yanzu, juyin juya halin masana'anta na tebur yana ƙara haɓaka wannan hanyar, daga dakunan gwaje-gwaje na Fab zuwa taron bita na sirri, ta hanyar rage farashi mai mahimmanci yayin kiyaye daidaiton ƙwararru.
Yayin da wannan yanayin ke ci gaba, akwai sabbin ci gaba masu ban sha'awa a cikin haɗa bayanan ɗan adam (AI) cikin masana'antar tebur da ƙirar dijital.Yadda waɗannan ci gaban ke ci gaba da shafar masana'antu da ƙirƙira ya kasance abin jira a gani, amma mun yi nisa daga zamanin kwamfutoci masu girman ɗaki da kayan aikin masana'anta gaba ɗaya waɗanda ke daure ga manyan cibiyoyi da kamfanoni.Yanzu mulki yana hannunmu.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-19-2022