Har zuwa 1950s, bayanan aikin injin CNC ya samo asali ne daga katunan naushi, waɗanda aka samar da su ta hanyar matakai masu wahala.Babban abin da ke faruwa a ci gaban CNC shine lokacin da aka maye gurbin katin da sarrafa kwamfuta, yana nuna haɓakar fasahar kwamfuta kai tsaye, da kuma tsarin taimakon kwamfuta (CAD) da shirye-shiryen sarrafa kwamfuta (CAM).Gudanarwa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin aikace-aikacen farko na fasahar kwamfuta ta zamani.
Kodayake injin binciken da Charles Babbage ya ƙera a tsakiyar shekarun 1800 ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin kwamfuta ta farko a ma'anar zamani, Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) guguwar kwamfuta ta ainihi I (kuma an haife ta a dakin gwaje-gwaje na injin servo) ita ce. kwamfuta ta farko a duniya mai layi daya da kwamfuta da ma'adanar maganadisu (kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke kasa).Tawagar ta sami damar yin amfani da na'ura don yin rikodin samar da kaset ɗin da ke sarrafa kwamfuta.Mai watsa shiri na asali ya yi amfani da kusan bututun ruwa 5000 kuma ya auna kimanin fam 20000.
Jinkirin ci gaban na'ura mai kwakwalwa a wannan lokacin yana cikin matsalar a wancan lokacin.Bayan haka, mutanen da suke ƙoƙarin sayar da wannan ra'ayi ba su san masana'anta ba - kawai masanan kwamfuta ne.A wancan lokacin, tunanin NC ya kasance da ban mamaki ga masana'antun, don haka ci gaban wannan fasaha ya kasance a hankali a wancan lokacin, ta yadda a karshe sojojin Amurka suka kera na'urorin NC 120 tare da hayar su ga masana'antun daban-daban don fara fadada amfani da su. .
Jadawalin Juyin Halitta daga NC zuwa CNC
Tsakanin shekarun 1950:G code, harshen shirye-shiryen NC da aka fi amfani da shi, an haife shi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na servo na Cibiyar fasaha ta Massachusetts.Ana amfani da lambar G don gaya wa kayan aikin injin kwamfuta yadda ake yin wani abu.Ana aika umarnin zuwa ga mai sarrafa na'ura, wanda sai ya gaya wa motar saurin motsi da hanyar da za a bi.
1956:Rundunar sojojin sama ta ba da shawarar ƙirƙirar harshen shirye-shirye na gabaɗaya don sarrafa lambobi.Sabuwar sashin bincike na MIT, wanda Doug Ross ya jagoranta kuma mai suna Group Applications Group, ya fara nazarin tsari da haɓaka wani abu daga baya da aka sani da kayan aikin shirye-shirye ta atomatik (APT).
1957:ƙungiyar masana'antar jiragen sama da kuma sashen na sojojin sama sun yi aiki tare da MIT don daidaita aikin da ya dace kuma ya haifar da injin CNC na farko na hukuma.Apt, wanda aka ƙirƙira kafin ƙirƙirar ƙirar hoto da FORTRAN, yana amfani da rubutu kawai don canja wurin lissafi da hanyoyin kayan aiki zuwa injunan sarrafa lambobi (NC).(An rubuta sigar daga baya a cikin FORTRAN, kuma a ƙarshe an fito da dacewa a fagen farar hula.
1957:Yayin da yake aiki a General Electric, masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta na Amurka Patrick J. Hanratty ya haɓaka kuma ya fito da wani harshe na shirye-shiryen NC na farko da ake kira Pronto, wanda ya kafa harsashin shirye-shiryen CAD na gaba kuma ya lashe lambar yabo na "mahaifin cad / cam".
"A ranar 11 ga Maris, 1958, an haifi sabon zamani na samar da masana'antu. A karo na farko a tarihin masana'antu, manyan na'urori masu sarrafa kayan lantarki da yawa suna aiki a lokaci guda a matsayin layin samar da haɗin gwiwa. Wadannan inji sun kasance kusan ba a kula da su ba, kuma sun kasance masu aiki. zai iya hakowa, hakowa, niƙa, da kuma wuce sassan da ba su dace ba tsakanin injuna.
1959:Tawagar MIT ta gudanar da taron manema labarai don nuna sabbin kayan aikin injin ɗin su na CNC.
1959:Sojojin saman sun sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda tare da dakin gwaje-gwaje na tsarin lantarki na MIT don haɓaka "aikin ƙira na taimakon kwamfuta".Sakamakon tsarin injiniyan injiniya na atomatik (AED) an sake shi zuwa ga jama'a a cikin 1965.
1959:General Motors (GM) ya fara nazarin abin da daga baya ake kira da haɓaka ƙirar kwamfuta (DAC-1), wanda shine ɗayan farkon tsarin CAD mai hoto.A shekara ta gaba, sun gabatar da IBM a matsayin abokin tarayya.Za a iya duba zane-zane a cikin tsarin, wanda ke ƙididdige su kuma ana iya canza su.Bayan haka, wasu software na iya juyar da layukan zuwa sifofin 3D kuma su fitar da su don dacewa da aikawa zuwa injin niƙa.DAC-1 an sanya shi cikin samarwa a cikin 1963 kuma ya fara halarta a bainar jama'a a cikin 1964.
1962:na farko kasuwanci graphics CAD tsarin lantarki mãkirci (EDM) ɓullo da ta itek, wani jami'in tsaro na Amurka kwangila, aka kaddamar.An samo ta ne ta hanyar sarrafa bayanai, babban kamfani da babban kamfani, kuma an sake masa suna digigraphy.Lockheed da sauran kamfanoni ne suka yi amfani da shi da farko don kera sassan kera jirgin na C-5 Galaxy, wanda ke nuna yanayin farko na tsarin samar da cad / cnc na ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshen.
Mujallar Time a wancan lokacin ta rubuta wata kasida akan EDM a watan Maris, 1962, kuma ta nuna cewa ƙirar ma'aikacin ta shigar da kwamfuta mai arha ta hanyar na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, wanda zai iya magance matsaloli da adana amsoshin a cikin nau'in dijital da microfim a cikin ɗakin karatu na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.Kawai danna maɓallin kuma zana zane tare da alkalami mai haske, kuma injiniyan zai iya shiga tattaunawa mai gudana tare da EDM, tuna duk wani zane-zane na farko zuwa allon a cikin millisecond, kuma canza layin su da masu lankwasa yadda ya kamata.
Ivan Sutherland yana karatun TX-2
Jadawalin tsari na highlighter
A wancan lokacin, masu kera injiniyoyi da na lantarki suna buƙatar kayan aiki don hanzarta aiki mai wahala da ɗaukar lokaci da suka saba yi.Don saduwa da wannan bukata, Ivan E. Sutherland na Sashen Injiniyan Wutar Lantarki a MIT ya ƙirƙiri tsarin yin kwamfutoci na dijital abokin tarayya mai aiki don masu zanen kaya.
Kayan aikin injin CNC suna samun karɓuwa da shahara
A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, fitowar kananan kwamfutoci masu araha sun canza ka'idojin wasan a masana'antar.Godiya ga sabon transistor da fasahar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, waɗannan injuna masu ƙarfi suna ɗaukar sarari da yawa fiye da girman manyan manyan firam ɗin da aka yi amfani da su zuwa yanzu.
Kananan kwamfutoci, wanda kuma aka fi sani da kwamfutoci masu tsaka-tsaki a wancan lokacin, a zahiri suna da alamun farashi masu araha, suna 'yantar da su daga hani na kamfanoni ko sojojin da suka gabata, da kuma mika yuwuwar daidaito, dogaro da maimaitawa ga kananan kamfanoni, kamfanoni.
Sabanin haka, microcomputers masu amfani ne guda 8-bit, injuna masu sauƙi waɗanda ke gudanar da tsarin aiki masu sauƙi (kamar MS-DOS), yayin da ƙananan kwamfutoci masu 16-bit ko 32-bit.Kamfanonin da suka kafa ƙasa sun haɗa da Dec, janar na bayanai, da Hewlett Packard (HP) (yanzu yana nufin tsoffin ƙananan kwamfutoci, irin su HP3000, a matsayin “sabar”).
A farkon shekarun 1970s, jinkirin haɓakar tattalin arziƙin da hauhawar farashin aikin yi ya sanya injin ɗin CNC ya yi kama da mafita mai kyau da tsada, kuma buƙatun kayan injin tsarin NC mai rahusa ya ƙaru.Ko da yake masu binciken Amurka sun fi mayar da hankali kan manyan masana'antu irin su software da sararin samaniya, Jamus (wanda Japan ta hade a shekarun 1980) tana mai da hankali kan kasuwanni masu rahusa kuma ta zarce Amurka wajen siyar da injina.Koyaya, a wannan lokacin, akwai jerin kamfanoni na CAD na Amurka da masu siyarwa, gami da UGS Corp., computervision, applicon da IBM.
A cikin 1980s, tare da raguwar farashin kayan masarufi dangane da microprocessors da bullowar hanyar sadarwa ta gida (LAN), hanyar sadarwar kwamfuta da ke da alaƙa da wasu, farashi da samun damar kayan aikin injin CNC suma sun bayyana.Zuwa rabin karshen shekarun 1980, an maye gurbin kananan kwamfutoci da manyan tashoshi na kwamfutoci da wuraren aiki na hanyar sadarwa, na’urorin sarrafa fayil da kwamfutoci (PCS), don haka aka kawar da injinan CNC na jami’o’i da kamfanonin da suka saba shigar da su a al’ada (saboda su kadai ne. kwamfutoci masu tsada da za su iya raka su).
A cikin 1989, Cibiyar Kula da ka'idoji da fasaha ta ƙasa a ƙarƙashin Sashen Kasuwancin Amurka ta ƙirƙira ingantaccen aikin sarrafa injin (EMC2, daga baya aka sake masa suna linuxcnc), wanda shine tsarin gnu/linux mai buɗewa tsarin software wanda ke amfani da kwamfuta ta gaba ɗaya don sarrafa CNC. inji.Linuxcnc yana buɗe hanya don makomar kayan aikin injin CNC na sirri, waɗanda har yanzu sune aikace-aikacen majagaba a fagen sarrafa kwamfuta.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-19-2022